Human-Computer Interaction

DAFS!

For many of the topics, there are a huge number of resources - typing relevant terms into Google and choosing quality sites (.ac, .edu in particular, especially if related to coursework) are likely to give you a lot of insight into the issues.

The icon signifies the book "Human-Computer Interaction"and gives the pages (for 2nd edition) that cover much of the material you should know. The fine details are not critical - the general principles are. Note that the 3rd edition is out, and you can use either.

Work marked Essential here covers material that you will be expected to know and may be examined on, and identifies the subject areas you should pay particular attention to in your reading. The Relevant and Interesting stuff contains alternative presenations and some further interesting stuff, which will increase your knowledge of the relevant subject.

Readings

Human characteristics

Essential

Relevant and interesting

Introduction. HCI - why, what and who?
pp 1-7

Chapter 1. The Human
pp11-52, main principles

Small group exercise: memory

 

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Exercises to understand more about short-term memory, to be done in groups
Human memory Discussion of the three different types of memory Visual perception illusions and effects  

Thought processes

How people think: reasoning and problem solving Unreliable eyes!  
Exercise: memory exercises and theory Short term memory exercises to see what affects your memory Memory c.f. RAM   "Re: Is human memory similar to to the ram in a pc?

Message:

Human memory is now thought to be a large number of separate systems. You may be familiar with terms such as long-term memory, a hypothesized memory system that holds facts like your current phone number and mother's maiden name. There are plenty of others: the auditory loop which stores recently perceived sounds, the visual-spatial sketchpad for "mental imagery," muscle memory, etc.. The brief answer to your question is that some of these memory systems clearly require maintenance. For other memory systems, especially those storing the most stable long term memories, no one knows."

    Human senses  

Brief look at human senses and their capabilities

    Brain as a computer   "The view that the brain can be seen as a type of computer has gained general acceptance in the philosophical and computer science community. Just as we ask how many mips or megaflops an IBM PC or a Cray can perform, we can ask how many operations the human brain can perform..."
    Memory   "just as we can ask how many megabytes of RAM a PC has we should be able to ask how many megabytes (or gigabytes, or terabytes, or whatever) of memory the human brain has..."
         

 

Computer Fundamentals

Essential

Relevant and interesting

Chapter 2. The computer
main principles

Cool new devices

HowStuffWorks: keyboards, mice, monitors epinions on input devices
    A brief history of interaction devices Brad Myer's (now out of date) potted history of HCI technology
    Directory of input devices - more than you could possibly want to know about  
    Microsoft's research thoughts "We’re working on devices which will allow you to use novel forms of input, such as a gesture, a wink, a voice command, or a pen. We’re also exploring new ways to use the keyboard..."
       

 

Typical interaction styles

Essential

Relevant and interesting

Section 3.4 Ergonomics

Section 3.5 - end chapter. Interaction styles
Detail

Moving on from WIMP IBM's Real Things interface ideas
    Chapter 10. Implementation support
Skim this to get an idea of how WIMP and other systems are actually built
       
       
       

Evaluation

Essential

Relevant and interesting

Chapter 11. Evaluation.
All except the statistics

  Understanding the statistics, if you can do maths, helps you appreciate things more fully
Heuristic evaluation "Heuristic evaluation is the most popular of the usability inspection methods. Heuristic evaluation is done as a systematic inspection of a user interface design for usability. The goal of heuristic evaluation is to find the usability problems in the design so that they can be attended to as part of an iterative design process. Heuristic evaluation involves having a small set of evaluators examine the interface and judge its compliance with recognized usability principles (the "heuristics")."

Web-based questionnaires

"administer and collect data according to a few "standard" user interface evaluation questionnaire forms"

includes information on standard metrics

Cognitive Walkthrough Gregory Abowd's summary of this technique Exercise - cognitive walkthrough A cognitive walkthrough evaluation task on a given system, complete with other groups findings.
Usability testing methods      
       
       

Usability

Essential

Relevant and interesting

The Cranky User "Everything I need to know about usability, I learned at the arcade" Introduction to Usability Onepage introduction to usability
Nielsen's Usability Heuristics 10 Usability Heuristics Website Design Longer article on website design, from beginning to end
    Usability MIT's take on usability - a brief set of slides
    Homepage usability That Nielsen man again...
       

Design guidelines

Essential

Relevant and interesting

IBM design principles "The design principles presented here combine traditional wisdom with extensions to address the evolution of future interfaces. Existing design principles are based on our own experiences in user interface design, on the design experiences of others, and on insights from linguistics and psychology. We have extended these design principles to address evolving interfaces that will provide a more friendly appearance and behavior in the future. The increasing use of 3-D and real-world representations as well as the blossoming popularity of the Internet and the World Wide Web have strongly influenced these progressions. " Design guide for educational software

"Our aim is to improve the quality of educational software by providing some general principles and
guidelines for ease of use. Although the Guide is intended mainly for developers of educational software and websites, it should also help users (teachers and students) and adopters to evaluate educational software and to give feedback to the software developers.

Ease of use can be split into three aspects: usability (can people use the software effectively andefficiently to perform a task?), usefulness (does it improve teaching and learning?) and desirability (do people enjoy using it?). This guide is primarily about usability."

Human Interface design principles "This section provides a theoretical base....[and] covers:
Metaphors
See-and-Point
Direct Manipulation
User Control
Feedback and Communication
Consistency
WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get)
Forgiveness
Perceived Stability
Aesthetic Integrity
Modelessness"
Web design and usability guidelines  
    Java look and feel design guidelines comprehensive guidelines for Java
    Apple OS X design guidelines
    Denim - informal interface design tool Read about it or even play with it.....

 

 

Design issues

Essential

Relevant and interesting

Toilet rolls Don Norman's off again.....    
Remote control gets better and again...    
       
       
       

Web design

Essential

Relevant and interesting

Homepage usability That Nielsen man again... Web pages that suck  
Style Guide How to create decent web pages. You may not agree with all of this, but the main points are concisely and clearly presented. Top 10 mistakes in web page design Jakob Neilsen's view...
Review of web style guides "we review several of these on-line style guides, and offer our interpretation of the logic of the guidelines. We find that sometimes the web style guides make quite similar recommendations for developing a web site, sometimes they disagree, and sometimes they emphasize different design considerations" How users read on the web This will help you write better web pages
    Writing for the web Sun's view (but check out the authors)
    Web page design for designers Some interesting information, but is it all good web design?
    Web Style Guide The online version of the book of the same name. Good, but lots of it. Pick and chose relevant parts...

HCI case studies

Essential

Relevant and interesting

Excel mode error Alan Dix's study of a problem in Excel User-centred design case study "This case study describes our approach when we were commissioned by an international software company to design a front-end to their relational database system. "
       
       
       
       

Research issues

Essential

Relevant and interesting

    Research in Ubiquitous Computing Abowd's review of issues and challenges in ACM
       
       
       
       

Human centered design

Essential

Relevant and interesting

Human-Centred design for the mobile market Donald Norman airs his views on what HCD is and why it's relevant to mobile devices Case study: mobile device design for specialised application University of Washington's students use human-centred design approaches for a very unusual system...
IBM's user-centered design What it is, the main principles, and the process    
       
       
       

 

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General resources

HCI bibliography links to most things in HCI - look here if you can't find it elsewhere
What is HCI Introductory web of information summarising what HCI is about
IBM Ease of Use site A wealth of relevant information on design, usability and so on
HCI book resource list Links to general HCI resources
Napier's HCI resources