%WBL 14 April 2011 (6 May)
@proceedings(Beyer:2011:foga,
title = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
volume = {},
series = {},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
publisher_address = {},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation ={SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
% email = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1967654},
size = {252 pages},
abstract = {},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Jansen:2011:foga,
title = {Analysis of evolutionary algorithms: from computational complexity analysis to algorithm engineering},
author = {Thomas Jansen and Christine Zarges},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {1--14},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967656},
abstract = {Analysing
the computational complexity of evolutionary algorithms has become an
accepted and important branch in evolutionary computation theory. This
is usually done by analyzing the (expected) optimisation time measured
by means of the number of function evaluations and describing its growth
as a function of a measure for the size of the search space. Most often
asymptotic results describing only the order of growth are derived.
This corresponds to classical analysis of (randomised) algorithms in
algorithmics. Recently, the emerging field of algorithm engineering has
demonstrated that for practical purposes this analysis can be too coarse
and more details of the algorithm and its implementation have to be
taken into account in order to obtain results that are valid in
practice. Using a very recent analysis of a simple evolutionary
algorithm as starting point it is shown that the same holds for
evolutionary algorithms. Considering this example it is demonstrated
that counting function evaluations more precisely can lead to results
contradicting actual run times. Motivated by these limitations of
computational complexity analysis an algorithm engineering-like approach
is presented.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Arnold:2011:foga,
title = {On the behaviour of the (1,lambda)-es for a simple constrained problem},
author = {Dirk V. Arnold},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {15--24},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967657},
abstract = {We
study the behaviour of the (1,lambda)-ES for a linear problem with a single
linear constraint. The algorithm produces offspring until lambda feasible
candidate solutions have been generated and selects the best of those as
the next generation's parent. Integral expressions that describe the
strategy's one-generation behaviour are developed and used in a simple
zeroth order model for the steady state of the strategy. Implications
for the performance of cumulative step size adaptation are discussed and
a comparison with the (1+1)-ES is drawn.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Langdon:2011:foga,
title = {Elementary bit string mutation landscapes},
author = {W. B. Langdon},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {25--41},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967658},
abstract = {Genetic Programming parity with only XOR is not elementary. GP parity can be represented as the sum of k/2+1
elementary landscapes. Statistics, including fitness distance
correlation (FDC), of Parity's fitness landscape are calculated. Using
Walsh analysis the eigen values and eigenvectors of the Laplacian of the
two bit, three bit, n-bit and mutation only Genetic Algorithm fitness
landscapes are given. Indeed all elementary bit string landscapes are
related to the discrete Fourier functions. However most are rough (lambda/d approx 1). Also in many cases fitness autocorrelation falls rapidly with distance. GA runs support eigenvalue/graph degree (lambda/d)
as a measure of the ruggedness of elementary landscapes for predicting
problem difficulty. The elementary needle in a haystack (NIH) landscape
is described.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Popovici:2011:foga,
title = {On the practicality of optimal output mechanisms for co-optimization algorithms},
author = {Elena Popovici and Ezra Winston and Anthony Bucci},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {43--59},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967659},
abstract = {Co-optimisation
problems involve one or more search spaces and a means of assessing
interactions between entities in these spaces. Assessing a potential
solution requires aggregating in some way the outcomes of a very large
or infinite number of such interactions. This layer of complexity
presents difficulties for algorithm design that are not encountered in
ordinary optimisation. For example, what a co-optimization algorithm
should output is not at all obvious.
Theoretical research has
shown that some output selection mechanisms yield better overall
performance than others and described an optimal mechanism. This
mechanism was shown to be strictly better than a greedy method in common
use, but appeared prohibitive from a practical standpoint. In this
paper we exhibit the optimal output mechanism for a particular class of
co-optimization problems and a certain definition of better overall
performance, and provide quantitative characterisations of domains for
which this optimal mechanism becomes straightforward to implement. We
conclude with a discussion of potential extensions of this work to other
problem classes and other views on performance.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Coulom:2011:foga,
title = {Handling expensive optimization with large noise},
author = {Remi Coulom and Philippe Rolet and Nataliya Sokolovska and Olivier Teytaud},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {61--68},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967660},
abstract = {We
present lower and upper bounds on run times for expensive noisy
optimisation problems. Runtimes are expressed in terms of number of
fitness evaluations. Fitnesses considered are monotonic transformations
of the sphere function. The analysis focuses on the common case
of fitness functions quadratic in the distance to the optimum in the
neighbourhood of this optimum - it is nonetheless also valid for any
monotonic polynomial of degree p > 2. Upper bounds are derived via a bandit-based estimation of distribution algorithm that relies on Bernstein races
called R-EDA. It is an evolutionary algorithm in the sense that it is
based on selection, random mutations, with a distribution (updated at
each iteration) for generating new individuals. It is known that the
algorithm is consistent (i.e. it converges to the optimum asymptotically
in the number of examples) even in some non-differentiable cases. Here
we show that: (i) if the variance of the noise decreases to 0 around the
optimum, it can perform well for quadratic transformations of the norm
to the optimum, (ii) otherwise, a convergence rate is slower than the
one exhibited empirically by an algorithm called Quadratic Logistic
Regression (QLR) based on surrogate models - although QLR requires a
probabilistic prior on the fitness class.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Durrett:2011:foga,
title = {Computational complexity analysis of simple genetic programming on two problems modeling isolated program semantics},
author = {Greg Durrett and Frank Neumann and Una-May O'Reilly},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {69--80},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967661},
abstract = {Analysing
the computational complexity of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) for
binary search spaces has significantly informed our understanding of EAs
in general. With this paper, we start the computational complexity
analysis of genetic programming (GP). We set up several simplified GP
algorithms and analyse them on two separable model problems, ORDER and
MAJORITY, each of which captures a relevant facet of typical GP
problems. Both analyses give first rigorous insights into aspects of GP
design, highlighting in particular the impact of accepting or rejecting
neutral moves and the importance of a local mutation operator.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Friedrich:2011:foga,
title = {The logarithmic hypervolume indicator},
author = {Tobias Friedrich and Karl Bringmann and Thomas Voss and Christian Igel},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {81--91},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967662},
abstract = {It was recently proven that sets of points maximising the hypervolume indicator do not
give a good multiplicative approximation of the Pareto front. We
introduce a new "logarithmic hypervolume indicator" and prove that it
achieves a close-to-optimal multiplicative approximation ratio. This is
experimentally verified on several benchmark functions by comparing the
approximation quality of the multi-objective covariance matrix evolution
strategy (MO-CMA-ES) with the classic hypervolume indicator and the
MO-CMA-ES with the logarithmic hypervolume indicator.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Sutton:2011:foga,
title = {Approximating the distribution of fitness over hamming regions},
author = {Andrew M. Sutton and Darrell Whitley and Adele E. Howe},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {93--103},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967663},
abstract = {The
distribution of fitness values across a set of states sharply
influences the dynamics of evolutionary processes and heuristic search
in combinatorial optimisation. In this paper we present a method for
approximating the distribution of fitness values over Hamming regions by
solving a linear programming problem that incorporates low order
moments of the target function. These moments can be retrieved in
polynomial time for select problems such as MAX-k-SAT using Walsh
analysis. The method is applicable to any real function on binary
strings that is epistatically bounded and discrete with asymptotic
bounds on the cardinality of its codomain.
We perform several studies on the ONE-MAX and MAX-k-SAT
domains to assess the accuracy of the approximation and its dependence
on various factors. We show that the approximation can accurately
predict the number of states within a Hamming region that have an
improving fitness value.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Kaden:2011:foga,
title = {The role of selective pressure when solving symmetric functions in polynomial time},
author = {Lars Kaden and Nicole Weicker and Karsten Weicker},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {105--117},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967664},
abstract = {This
paper is concerned with the question to which extent a change in the
selective pressure might improve the run time of an optimisation
algorithm considerably. The subject of this examination is the class of
symmetric functions, i.e. OneMax with a subsequent application of a real
valued function. We consider an improvement in runtime as considerable
if an exponential run time becomes polynomial. The basis for this
examination is a Markov chain analysis. An exact criterion for static
selective pressure, telling which functions are solvable in polynomial
time, is extended to a sufficient (but not necessary) criterion for
changing selection pressure.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Doerr:2011:foga,
title = {Runtime analysis of the (1+1) evolutionary algorithm on strings over finite alphabets},
author = {Benjamin Doerr and Daniel Johannsen and Martin Schmidt},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {119--126},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967665},
abstract = {In this work, we investigate a (1+1) Evolutionary Algorithm for optimizing functions over the space {0,...,r} n, where r is a positive integer. We show that for linear functions over {0,1,2}n, the expected runtime time of this algorithm is O(n log n).
This result generalises an existing result on pseudo-Boolean functions
and is derived using drift analysis. We also show that for large values
of r, no upper bound for the run time of the (1+1) Evolutionary Algorithm for linear function on {0,...,r}n
can be obtained with this approach nor with any other approach based on
drift analysis with weight-independent linear potential functions.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Auger:2011:foga,
title = {Analyzing the impact of mirrored sampling and sequential selection in elitist evolution strategies},
author = {Anne Auger and Dimo Brockhoff and Nikolaus Hansen},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {127--138},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967666},
abstract = {This
paper presents a refined single parent evolution strategy that is
derandomized with mirrored sampling and/or uses sequential selection.
The paper analyses some of the elitist variants of this algorithm. We
prove, on spherical functions with finite dimension, linear convergence
of different strategies with scale-invariant step-size and provide
expressions for the convergence rates as the expectation of some known
random variables. In addition, we derive explicit asymptotic formulae
for the convergence rate when the dimension of the search space goes to
infinity. Convergence rates on the sphere reveal lower bounds for the
convergence rate of the respective step-size adaptive strategies. We
prove the surprising result that the (1+2)-ES with mirrored sampling
converges at the same rate as the (1+1)-ES without and show that the
tight lower bound for the (1+lambda-ES with mirrored sampling and sequential
selection improves by 16% over the (1+1)-ES reaching an asymptotic value
of about -0.235.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Sudholt:2011:foga,
title = {Using Markov-chain mixing time estimates for the analysis of ant colony optimization},
author = {Dirk Sudholt},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {139--150},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967667},
abstract = {The
Markov chain Monte Carlo paradigm has developed powerful and elegant
techniques for estimating the time until a Markov chain approaches a
stationary distribution. This time is known as mixing time. We introduce
the reader into mixing time estimations via coupling arguments and use
the mixing of pheromone models for analysing the expected optimisation
time of ant colony optimization. We demonstrate the approach for
plateaus in pseudo-Boolean optimisation and derive upper bounds for the
time until a target set is found. We also describe how mixing times can
be estimated for MMAS ant systems on shortest path problems.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Moraglio:2011:foga,
title = {Abstract convex evolutionary search},
author = {Alberto Moraglio},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {151--162},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967668},
abstract = {Geometric
crossover is a formal class of crossovers which includes many
well-known recombination operators across representations. In this
paper, we present a general result showing that all evolutionary
algorithms using geometric crossover with no mutation perform the same
form of convex search regardless of the underlying representation, the
specific selection mechanism, the specific offspring distribution, the
specific search space, and the problem at hand. We then start
investigating a few representation/space-independent geometric
conditions on the fitness landscape - various forms of generalised
concavity - that when matched with the convex evolutionary search
guarantee, to different extents, improvement of offspring over parents
for any choice of parents. This is a first step towards showing that the
convexity relation between search and landscape may play an important
role towards explaining the performance of evolutionary algorithms in a
general setting across representations.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Wagner:2011:foga,
title = {Faster black-box algorithms through higher arity operators},
author = {Benjamin Doerr and Daniel Johannsen and Timo Kotzing and Per Kristian Lehre and Markus Wagner and Carola Winzen},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {163--171},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967669},
abstract = {We
extend the work of Lehre and Witt (GECCO 2010) on the unbiased
black-box model by considering higher arity variation operators. In
particular, we show that already for binary operators the black-box
complexity of LeadingOnes drops from Theta(n2) for unary operators to O(n log n). For OneMax, the Omega(n log n) unary black-box complexity drops to O(n) in the binary case. For k-ary operators, k lteq n, the OneMax-complexity further decreases to O(n / log k).},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Cathabard:2011:foga,
title = {Non-uniform mutation rates for problems with unknown solution lengths},
author = {Stephan Cathabard and Per Kristian Lehre and Xin Yao},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {173--180},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967670},
abstract = {Many
practical optimisation problems allow candidate solutions of varying
lengths, and where the length of the optimal solution is thereby a priori
unknown. We suggest that non-uniform mutation rates can be beneficial
when solving such problems. In particular, we consider a mutation
operator that flips each bit with a probability that is inversely
proportional to the bit position, rather than the bitstring length. The
runtime of the (1+1) EA using this mutation operator is analysed
rigorously on standard example functions. Furthermore, the behaviour of
the new mutation operator is investigated empirically on a real world
software engineering problem that has variable, and unknown solution
lengths. The results show how the speedup that can be achieved with the
new operator depends on the distribution of the solution lengths in the
solution space. We consider a truncated geometric distribution, and show
that the new operator can yield exponentially faster runtimes for some
parameters of this distribution. The experimental results show that the
new mutation operator leads to dramatically shorter run times on a class
of instances of the software engineering problem that is conjectured to
have short solutions on average.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Lassig:2011:foga,
title = {Adaptive population models for offspring populations and parallel evolutionary algorithms},
author = {Jorg Lassig and Dirk Sudholt},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {181--192},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967671},
abstract = {We
present two adaptive schemes for dynamically choosing the number of
parallel instances in parallel evolutionary algorithms. This includes
the choice of the offspring population size in a (1+lambda) EA as a special
case. Our schemes are parameterless and they work in a black-box setting
where no knowledge on the problem is available. Both schemes double the
number of instances in case a generation ends without finding an
improvement. In a successful generation, the first scheme resets the
system to one instance, while the second scheme halves the number of
instances. Both schemes provide near-optimal speed-ups in terms of the
parallel time. We give upper bounds for the asymptotic sequential time
(i.e., the total number of function evaluations) that are not larger
than upper bounds for a corresponding non-parallel algorithm derived by
the fitness-level method.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Wright:2011:foga,
title = {On the movement of vertex fixed points in the simple GA},
author = {Alden H. Wright and Tomas Gedeon and J. Neal Richter},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {193--207},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967672},
abstract = {The
Vose dynamical system model of the simple genetic algorithm models the
behaviour of this algorithm for large population sizes and is the basis
of the exact Markov chain model. Populations consisting of multiple
copies of one individual correspond to vertices of the simplex. For zero
mutation, these are fixed points of the dynamical system and absorbing
states of the Markov chain. For proportional selection, the asymptotic
stability of vertex fixed points is understood from previous work. We
derive the eigenvalues of the differential at vertex fixed points of the
dynamical system model for tournament selection. We show that as
mutation increases from zero, hyperbolic asymptotically stable fixed
points move into the simplex, and hyperbolic asymptotically unstable
fixed points move outside of the simplex. We calculate the derivative of
local path of the fixed point with respect to the mutation rate for
proportional selection. Simulation analysis shows how fixed points
bifurcate with larger changes in the mutation rate and changes in the
crossover rate.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Kotzing:2011:foga,
title = {Simple max-min ant systems and the optimization of linear pseudo-Boolean functions},
author = {Timo Kotzing and Frank Neumann and Dirk Sudholt and Markus Wagner},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {209--218},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967673},
abstract = {With
this paper, we contribute to the understanding of ant colony
optimisation (ACO) algorithms by formally analysing their runtime
behaviour. We study simple MAX-MIN ant systems on the class of linear
pseudo-Boolean functions defined on binary strings of length n. Our investigations point out how the progress according to function values is stored in the pheromones.
We provide a general upper bound of O((n3 log n)rho)
on the running time for two ACO variants on all linear functions, where
rho determines the pheromone update strength. Furthermore, we show
improved bounds for two well-known linear pseudo-Boolean functions
called ONEMAX and BINVAL and give additional insights using an
experimental study.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Bassett:2011:foga,
title = {Using multivariate quantitative genetics theory to assist in EA customization},
author = {Jeffrey Kermes Bassett and Kenneth Alan {De Jong}},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {219--229},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967674},
abstract = {Customising
and evolutionary algorithm (EA) for a new or unusual problem can seem
relatively simple as long as one can devise an appropriate
representation and reproductive operators to modify it. Unfortunately
getting a customized EA to produce high quality results in a reasonable
amount of time can be quite challenging. There is little guidance
available to help practitioners deal with this issue. Most evolutionary
computation (EC) theory is only applicable to specific representations,
or assumes knowledge of the fitness function, such as the location of
optima.
We are developing an approach based on theory from the
biology community to address this problem. Multivariate quantitative
genetics theory characterises evolving populations as multivariate
probability distributions of phenotypic traits. Some advantages it
offers are a degree of independence from the underlying representation,
and useful concepts such as phenotypic heritability. Re-working the
quantitative genetics equations, we expose an additional term that we
call "perturbation". We believe that perturbation and heritability
provide quantitative measures of the exploration and exploitation, and
that practitioners can use these to identify and diagnose imbalances in
customised reproductive operators.
To illustrate, we use these
tools to diagnose problems with a standard recombination operator for a
Pittsburgh approach classifier system. With this knowledge we develop a
new, more balanced, recombination operator, and show that its use leads
to significantly better results.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Malago:2011:foga,
title = {Towards the geometry of estimation of distribution algorithms based on the exponential family},
author = {Luigi Malago and Matteo Matteucci and Giovanni Pistone},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {230--242},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967675},
abstract = {In
this paper we present a geometrical framework for the analysis of
Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs) based on the exponential
family. From a theoretical point of view, an EDA can be modelled as a
sequence of densities in a statistical model that converges towards
distributions with reduced support. Under this framework, at each
iteration the empirical mean of the fitness function decreases in
probability, until convergence of the population. This is the context of
stochastic relaxation, i.e., the idea of looking for the minima of a
function by minimising its expected value over a set of probability
densities. Our main interest is in the study of the gradient of the
expected value of the function to be minimized, and in particular on how
its landscape changes according to the fitness function and the
statistical model used in the relaxation. After introducing some
properties of the exponential family, such as the description of its
topological closure and of its tangent space, we provide a
characterisation of the stationary points of the relaxed problem,
together with a study of the minimising sequences with reduced support.
The analysis developed in the paper aims to provide a theoretical
understanding of the behaviour of EDAs, and in particular their ability
to converge to the global minimum of the fitness function. The
theoretical results of this paper, beside providing a formal framework
for the analysis of EDAs, lead to the definition of a new class
algorithms for binary functions optimisation based on Stochastic Natural
Gradient Descent (SNGD), where the estimation of the parameters of the
distribution is replaced by the direct update of the model parameters by
estimating the natural gradient of the expected value of the fitness
function.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)
@inproceedings(Beume:2011:foga,
title = {Convergence rates of SMS-EMOA on continuous bi-objective problem classes},
author = {Nicola Beume and Marco Laumanns and Gunter Rudolph},
booktitle = {Foundations of Genetic Algorithms},
year = 2011,
editor = {Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon},
pages = {243--251},
address = {Schwarzenberg, Austria},
month = {5-9 Jan},
organisation = {SigEvo},
publisher = {ACM},
note = {},
keywords = {},
ISBN13 = {978-1-4503-0633-1},
url = {},
size = {},
doi = {doi:10.1145/1967654.1967676},
abstract = {Convergence
rate analyses of evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms
in continuous search space are yet rare. First results have been
obtained for simple algorithms. Here, we provide concrete results of
convergence rates for a state-of-the-art algorithm, namely the S-metric
selection evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm (SMSEMOA).
We show that the SMS-EMOA produces the same sequence of populations as
certain single-objective evolutionary algorithms on arbitrary problem
classes. Thereby we are able to transfer known convergence properties
for classes of convex functions. We especially consider the SMS-EMOA
with populations of parents and offspring greater than one and different
concepts for the choice of the reference point used for the internal
calculation of the dominated hypervolume within the selection
operator.},
notes = {ACM order number 910114},
)