Xin Yao's Publications

Hardcopy reprints are available for the following papers.

Refereed Journal Papers

  1. P. Sun and X. Yao, ``Sparse Approximation Through Boosting For Learning Large-scale Kernel Machines,'' IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, accepted in December 2009.
    The software that implements the algorithm in the paper can be downloaded from here as a zipped file. The code can be freely used for research and education purposes. We appreciate your acknowledgement if you do so. Commercial exploitation is not permitted without the prior agreement of the authors.

  2. F. Peng, K. Tang, G. Chen and X. Yao, ``Population-based Algorithm Portfolios for Numerical Optimization,'' IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, accepted in December 2009.

  3. H. Chen and X. Yao, ``Multiobjective Neural Network Ensembles based on Regularized Negative Correlation Learning,'' IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, accepted in September 2009.

  4. L. Xing, P. Rohlfshagen, Y. Chen and X. Yao, ``An Evolutionary Approach to the Multi-depot Capacitated Arc Routing Problem,'' IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, accepted in September 2009.
    Also available here.

  5. K. Praditwong, M. Harman and X. Yao, ``Software Module Clustering as a Multi-Objective Search Problem,'' IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, accepted in August 2009.

  6. P. R. Lewis, P. Marrow and X. Yao, ``Resource Allocation in Decentralised Computational Systems: An Evolutionary Market-Based Approach,'' Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, accepted in May 2009.
    Also available here.

  7. E. H. Gerding, P. McBurney and X. Yao, ``Market-based control of computational systems: introduction to the special issue,'' Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, accepted in May 2009.
    Also available here.

  8. T. Chen, K. Tang, G. Chen and X. Yao, ``Analysis of Computational Time of Simple Estimation of Distribution Algorithms,'' IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 14(1):1-22, February 2010.
    lso available here.

  9. L. L. Minku, A. White and X. Yao, ``The Impact of Diversity on On-line Ensemble Learning in the Presence of Concept Drift,'' IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, published online on 6 July 2009.
    Also available here.

  10. T. Chen, J. He, G. Chen and X. Yao, ``Choosing Selection Pressure for Wide-gap Problems,'' Theoretical Computer Science, 411(6):926-934, February 2010.
    Also available here.

  11. J. C. Cuevas-Tello, P. Ti\v{n}o, S. Raychaudhury, X. Yao and M. Harva, ``Uncovering delayed patterns in noisy and irregularly sampled time series: An astronomy application,'' Pattern Recognition, 43:1165-1179, 2010.
    Also available here.

  12. D. Gong, X. Yao and J. Yuan, ``Interactive Genetic Algorithms with Individual Fitness Not Assigned by Human,'' Journal of Universal Computer Science, 15(13):2446-2462, 2009.
    Available as a PDF here.

  13. H. Chen and X. Yao, ``Regularized Negative Correlation Learning for Neural Network Ensembles,'' IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 20(12):1962-1979, December 2009. (The 9th most accessed paper in IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks in December 2009.)
    Also available here.

  14. Md. Monirul Islam, Md. Abdus Sattar, Md. Faijul Amin, X. Yao, and K. Murase, ``A New Constructive Algorithm for Architectural and Functional Adaptation of Artificial Neural Networks,'' IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Part B, 39(6):1590-1605, December 2009.
    Also available here.

  15. Y. Li, C. Hu and X. Yao, ``Innovative Batik Design with an Interactive Evolutionary Art System,'' Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 24(6):1035-1047, November 2009.
    Also available here.

  16. K. Tang, Y. Mei and X. Yao, ``Memetic Algorithm with Extended Neighborhood Search for Capacitated Arc Routing Problems,'' IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 13(5):1151-1166, October 2009.
    Also available here.

  17. P. Oliveto, J. He and X. Yao, "Analysis of the (1+1)-EA for Finding Approximate Solutions to Vertex Cover Problems," IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 13(5):1006-1029, October 2009.
    Also available here.

  18. T. Chen, J. He, G. Sun, G. Chen and X. Yao, ``A New Approach to Analyzing Average Time Complexity of Population-based Evolutionary Algorithms on Unimodal Problems,'' IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Part B, 39(5):1092-1106, October 2009.
    Also available here.

  19. S. He, X. Li, M. Viant and X. Yao, ``Profiling mass spectrometry proteomics data using Smoothed Nonlinear Energy Operator and Bayesian Additive Regression Trees,'' Proteomics, 9(17):4176-4191, September 2009.

  20. S. Y. Chong, P. Ti\v{n}o and X. Yao, ``Relationship between generalization and diversity in coevolutionary learning,'' IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games, 1(3):214-232, September 2009.
    Also available here.

  21. K. Tang, M. Lin, F. L. Minku and X. Yao, ``Selective Negative Correlation Learning Approach to Incremental Learning,'' Neurocomputing, 72(13-15):2796-2805, August 2009.
    Let me know if you want a soft copy.

  22. H. Chen, P. Tino and X. Yao, ``Predictive Ensemble Pruning by Expectation Propagation,'' IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 21(7):999-1013, July 2009.
    Also available here.

  23. H. Chen, P. Tino and X. Yao, ``Probabilistic Classification Vector Machines,'' IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 20(6):901-914, June 2009.
    Also available here. (The 85th most accessed document within the entire IEEEXplore digital library in June 2009.)

  24. F. L. Minku, H. Inoue and X. Yao, ``Negative correlation in incremental learning,'' Natural Computing, 8(2):289-320, June 2009.
    Also available here.

  25. Y. Mei, K. Tang and X. Yao, ``A Global Repair Operator for Capacitated Arc Routing Problem,'' IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Part B, 39(3):723-734, June 2009.
    Also available here.

  26. Md. Monirul Islam, Md. Abdus Sattar, Md. Faijul Amin, X. Yao and K. Murase, ``A New Adaptive Merging and Growing Algorithm for Designing Artificial Neural Networks,'' IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Part B, 39(3):705-722, June 2009.
    Available as a PDF file here.

  27. X. Yu, K. Tang, T. Chen and X. Yao, ``Empirical Analysis of Evolutionary Algorithms with Immigrants Schemes for Dynamic Optimization,'' Memetic Computing, 1(1):3-24, March 2009.
    Also available here.

  28. P. K. Lehre and X. Yao, "Runtime Analysis of Search Heuristics on Software Engineering Problems," Frontiers of Computer Science in China, 3(1):64-72, March 2009.
    Also available here.

  29. K. Tang and X. Yao, "From nature to computing and back," Frontiers of Computer Science in China, 3(1):1-3, March 2009.
    Also available here.

  30. R. Gil-Pita and X. Yao, ``Evolving edited k-nearest neighbour classifiers,'' International Journal of Neural Systems, 18(6):459-467, December 2008.

  31. H. Dawid, H. L. Poutr\'e and X. Yao, ``Computational intelligence in economic games and policy design,'' IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, 3(4):22-26, November 2008.
    Also available here.

  32. X. Li, J. G. R. Jefferys, J. Fox and X. Yao, ``Neuronal population oscillations of rat hippocampus during epileptic seizures,'' Neural Networks, 21(8):1105-1111, October 2008.
    Also available here.

  33. S. Yang and X. Yao, ``Population-Based Incremental Learning with Associative Memory for Dynamic Environments,'' IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 12(5):542-561, October 2008.
    Also available here.

  34. S. Salcedo-Sanz, J. A. Portilla-Figueras, E. G. Ortiz-Garc\'ia, A. M. P\'erez-Bellido, C. Thraves, A. Fern\'andez-Anta and X. Yao, "Optimal switch location in mobile communication networks using hybrid genetic algorithms," Applied Soft Computing, 8(4):1486-1497, September 2008.

  35. S. Y. Chong, P. Tino and X. Yao, ``Measuring Generalization Performance in Co-evolutionary Learning,'' IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 12(4):479-505, August 2008.
    Also available here.

  36. K. Tang and X. Yao, ``Editorial to Special Issue on `Nature Inspired Problem-Solving','' Information Sciences, 178(15):2983-2984, August 2008.

  37. Z. Yang, K. Tang and X. Yao, ``Large scale evolutionary optimization using cooperative coevolution,'' Information Sciences, 178(15):2985-2999, August 2008.

  38. W. Dong and X. Yao, ``Unified eigen analysis on multivariate Gaussian based estimation of distribution algorithms,'' Information Sciences, 178(15):3000-3023, August 2008.

  39. A. Arcuri and X. Yao, ``Search based software testing of object-oriented containers,'' Information Sciences, 178(15):3075-3095, August 2008.
    Also available here.

  40. J. Sun, Q. Zhang, J. Li and X. Yao, ``A Hybrid Estimation of Distribution Algorithm for CDMA Cellular System Design,'' International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, 7(2):187-200, June 2008.
    Also available here.

  41. Md. Monirul Islam, X. Yao, S. M. Shahriar Nirjon, M. Asiful Islam and K. Murase, "Bagging and Boosting Negatively Correlated Neural Networks," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B, 38(3):771-784, June 2008.
    Also available here.

  42. X. Wang, T. Schnier and X. Yao, ``Automatic feature-queried bird identification system based on entropy and fuzzy similarity,'' Expert Systems with Applications, 34(4):2879-2884, May 2008.
    Also available here.

  43. T. T. Nguyen and X. Yao, ``An Experimental Study of Hybridizing Cultural Algorithms and Local Search,'' International Journal of Neural Systems, 18(1):1-17, February 2008.

  44. X. Yao and Md. M. Islam, ``Evolving artificial neural network ensembles,'' IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, 3(1):31-42,February 2008.
    Also available here.

  45. H. H. Dam, H. A. Abbass, C. Lokan and X. Yao, ``Neural-Based Learning Classifier Systems,'' IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 20(1):26-39, January 2008.
    Also available here.

  46. S. Salcedo-Sanz and X. Yao, ``Assignment of Cells to Switches in a Cellular Mobile Network using a Hybrid Hopfield Network-Genetic Algorithm Approach,'' Applied Soft Computing, 8(1):216-224, January 2008.
    Also available here.

  47. X. Li, D. Cui, P. Jiruska, J. Fox, X. Yao and J. Jefferys, ``Synchronization Measurement of Multiple Neuronal Populations,'' Journal of Neurophysiology, 98(6):3341-3348, December 2007.

  48. S. Y. Chong and X. Yao, ``Multiple Choices and Reputation in Multi-Agent Interactions,'' IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 11(6):689-711, December 2007.
    Available as a PDF here.

  49. J. He, X. Yao and Y. Chen, ``A novel and practicable on-chip adaptive lossless image compression scheme using intrinsic evolvable hardware,'' Connection Science, 19(4):281-295, December 2007.
    Available as a PDF file here.

  50. X. Li, W. Luo and X. Yao, ``Introduction to Special Issue on Evolutionary Learning and Optimisation'', Connection Science, 19(4):279-280, December 2007.
    Available as a PDF file here.

  51. J. He, C. Reeves, C. Witt and X. Yao, ``A Note on Problem Difficulty Measures in Black-Box Optimization: Classification, Realizations and Predictability,'' Evolutionary Computation, 15(4):435-443, Winter 2007.
    Available as a PDF file here.

  52. P. S. Oliveto, J. He and X. Yao, ``Time Complexity of Evolutionary Algorithms for Combinatorial Optimization: A Decade of Results,'' International Journal of Automation and Computing, 4(3):281-293, 2007.

  53. S. Salcedo-Sanz, J. A. Portilla-Figueras, E. G. Ort\'iz-Garc\'ia, \'A. M. P\'erez-Bellido and X. Yao, ``Teaching Advanced Features of Evolutionary Algorithms using Japanese Puzzles,'' IEEE Transactions on Education, 50(2):151-156, May 2007.
    Available as a PDF file.

  54. X. Li, J. Li and X. Yao, ``A wavelet-based data pre-processing analysis approach in mass spectrometry,'' Computers in Biology and Medicine, 37(4):509-516, April 2007.
    Available as a PDF here.

  55. X. Li, X. Yao, J. Fox and J. R. G. Jefferys, `` Interaction dynamics of neuronal oscillations analysed using wavelet transforms,'' Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 160(1):178-185, February 2007.
    Available as a PDF file.

  56. S. Salcedo-Sanz, F. Cruz-Rold\'an, C. Heneghan and X. Yao, ``Evolutionary Design of Digital Filters with Application to Sub-band Coding and Data Transmission,'' IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 55(4):1193-1203, April 2007.
    Available as a PDF file.

  57. Y. Liu and X. Yao, ``Nature Inspired Neural Network Ensemble Learning,'' Accepted by Journal of Intelligent Systems, 2005.

  58. M. Tang and X. Yao, ``A Memetic Algorithm for VLSI Floorplanning,'' IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B, 37(1):62-69, February 2007.
    Available as a PDF file.

  59. E. K. Tang, P. N. Suganthan and X. Yao, ``An Analysis of Diversity Measures,'' Machine Learning, 65:247-271, 2006.

  60. A Chandra and X. Yao, ``Ensemble learning using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms,'' Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Algorithms, 5(4):417-445, December 2006.
    Available as a PDF file.

  61. B. Sendhoff, M. Roberts and X. Yao, ``Evolutionary Computation Benchmarking Repository,'' IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, 1(4):50-51,60, November 2006.
    The paper in PDF is here.

  62. J. Tian, R. Foley, X. Yao and H. Tianfield, ``An extended contract net mechanism for dynamic supply chain formation and its application in China petroleum supply chain management,'' Multiagent and Grid Systems --- An International Journal, 2(2):183-207, 2006.
    A PDF version is here.

  63. V. Khare, X. Yao and B. Sendhoff, ``Multi-network evolutionary systems and automatic problem decomposition,'' International Journal of General Systems, 35(3):259-274, June 2006.

  64. P. C. H. Ma, K. C. C. Chan, X. Yao and D. K. Y. Chiu, ``An Evolutionary Clustering Algorithm for Gene Expression Microarray Data Analysis,'' IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 10(3):296-314, June 2006.
    A PDF version is here.

  65. S. Salcedo-Sanz, Y. Xu and X. Yao, "Hybrid Meta-Heuristics Algorithms for Task Assignment in Heterogeneous Computing Systems," Computers and Operations Research , 33(3):820-835, 2006.
    Available here as a PDF file.

  66. A Chandra and X. Yao, ``Evolving hybrid ensembles of learning machines for better generalisation,'' Neurocomputing, 69(7-9):686-700, March 2006.
    A PDF version is here.

  67. E. K. Tang, P. N. Suganthan and X. Yao, "Gene selection algorithms for microarray data based on least squares support vector machine," BMC Bioinformatics, 7:95, 27 February 2006.
    (journal impact factor: 5.42)

  68. Xin Yao, "A research-led and industry-oriented MSc program in Natural Computation," IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, 1(1):39-40, February 2006.
    A PDF version can be found here.

  69. H. Handa, L. Chapman and Xin Yao, ``Robust route optimisation for gritting/salting trucks: A CERCIA experience,'' IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, 1(1):6-9, February 2006.
    A PDF version can be found here.

  70. Xin Yao, Yong Liu, Jin Li, Jun He and Colin Frayn, ``Current developments and future directions of bio-inspired computation and implications for ecoinformatics,'' Ecological Informatics, 1(1):9-22, January 2006.
    A PDF version can be found here.

  71. X. Yao and Y. Xu, ``Recent Advances in Evolutionary Computation,'' Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 21(1):1-18, January 2006.

  72. S. Salcedo-Sanz, Y. Xu and X. Yao, ``Meta-heuristics algorithms for FPGA segmented channel routing problems with non-standard cost functions,'' Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 6(4):359-379, December 2005.
    Available here.

  73. S. Y. Chong and X. Yao, ``Behavioral Diversity, Choices, and Noise in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma,'' IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 9(6):540-551, December 2005.
    Also available as a PDF file here.

  74. S. Yang and X. Yao, ``Experimental study on population-based incremental learning algorithms for dynamic optimization problems,'' Soft Computing, 9(11):815-834, November 2005.
    Available here.

  75. K. Atashkari, N. Nariman-Zadeh, A. Pilechi, A. Jamali and X. Yao, ``Thermodynamic Pareto Optimization of Turbojet Engines using Multi-objective Genetic Algorithms,'' International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 44(11):1061-1071, November 2005.
    Also available as a PDF file here.

  76. N. Nariman-Zadeh, K. Atashkari, A. Jamali, A. Pilechi and X. Yao, ``Inverse modelling of multi-objective thermodynamically optimized turbojet engines using GMDH-type neural networks and evolutionary algorithms,'' Engineering Optimization, 37(5):437-462, July 2005.

  77. Y. Xu, S. Salcedo-Sanz and X. Yao, ``Metaheuristic approaches to traffic grooming in WDM optical networks,'' International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, 5(2):231-249, June 2005.

  78. Y. Xu, S. Salcedo-Sanz and X. Yao, ``Editorial to the Special Issue on Nature Inspired Approaches to Networks and Telecommunications,'' International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, 5(2):iii-vii, June 2005.

  79. X. Li, J. Polygiannakis, P. Kapiris, A. Peratzakis, K. Eftaxias and X. Yao, `` Fractal spectral analysis of pre-epileptic seizures in terms of criticality,'' Journal of Neural Engineering, 2(2):11-16, June 2005.
    Available here as a PDF file.

  80. X. Li and X. Yao, ``Multi-scale Statistical Process Monitoring in Machining,'' IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, 52(3):924-927, June 2005.
    Available here as a PDF file.

  81. T. Runarsson and X. Yao, ``Search Bias in Constrained Evolutionary Optimization,'' IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C, 35(2):233-243, May 2005.
    Available here as a PDF file. The related code can be downloaded here.

  82. Q. Lu and X. Yao, ``Clustering and Learning Gaussian Distribution for Continuous Optimization,'' IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C, 35(2):195-204, May 2005.
    Available here as a PDF file.

  83. J. He, X. Yao and J. Li, ``A Comparative Study of Three Evolutionary Algorithms Incorporating Different Amount of Domain Knowledge for Node Covering Problems,'' IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C, 35(2):266-271, May 2005.
    Available here as a PDF file.

  84. E. K. Tang, P. N. Suganthan, X. Yao, A. K. Qin, ``Linear dimensionality reduction using relevance weighted LDA,'' Pattern Recognition, 38(4):485-493, April 2005.
    Available from Elsevier journal web site as a PDF file or from here.

  85. P. G. Kapiris, J. Polygiannakis, X. Li, X. Yao and K. A. Eftaxias, ``Similarities in precursory features in seismic shocks and epileptic seizures,'' Europhysics Letters, 69(4):657-663, February 2005.
    Available from Europhysics Letters website as a PDF file or from here.

  86. G. Brown, J. L. Wyatt, R. Harris and X. Yao, ``Diversity Creation Methods: A Survey and Categorisation,'' Information Fusion, 6(1):5-20, January 2005.
    Available here as a PDF file.

  87. S. Salcedo-Sanz and X. Yao, ``A Hybrid {H}opfield Network -- Genetic Algorithm Approach for the Terminal Assignment Problem,'' IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics, 34(6):2343-2353, December 2004.
    Available from IEEE Xplore as a PDF file or from here.

  88. X. Li, G. Ouyang, X. Yao and X. Guan, ``Dynamical Characteristics of Pre-epileptic Seizures in Rats with Recurrence Quantification Analysis,'' Physics Letters A, 333(1-2):164-171, 29 November 2004.
    Available from Elsevier's journal website as a PDF file or here.

  89. J. He and X. Yao, ``Time Complexity Analysis of an Evolutionary Algorithm for Finding Nearly Maximum Cardinality Matching,'' Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 19(4):450-458, July 2004.

  90. Y. Xu and X. Yao, "A Lower Bound on the Number of ADM's in WDM Rings with Nonuniform Traffic Demands," Electronics Letters, 40(13):824-825, 24 June 2004.
    Available from IEEE Xplore as a PDF file or from here.

  91. T. Schnier, X. Yao and P. Liu, ``Digital filter design using multiple pareto fronts,'' Soft Computing, 8(5):332-343, April 2004.
    The submitted copy is available.

  92. J. He and X. Yao, ``A study of drift analysis for estimating computation time of evolutionary algorithms,'' Natural Computing, 3(1):21-35, January 2004.
    Available from Natural Computing web site or here.

  93. C. Y. Lee and X. Yao, ``Evolutionary programming using the mutations based on the {L}\'evy probability distribution,'' IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 8(1):1-13, January 2004.
    Available from IEEE Xplore as a PDF file or here.
    This paper was identified in July 2009 by Thomson Reuter's Essential Science Indicators^{SM} as one of the most cited papers in the field of Computer Science.

  94. X. Yao and Y. Liu, ``Evolving neural network ensembles by minimization of mutual information,'' International Journal of Hybrid Intelligent Systems, 1(1):12-21, January 2004.
    Abstract available from the journal web site.
    A PDF file for the whole paper is available here.

  95. W.-H. Au, K. C. C. Chan and X. Yao, ``Data Mining by Evolutionary Learning for Robust Churn Prediction in the Telecommunications Industry,'' IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 7(6):532-545, December 2003.
    Available from IEEE Xplore as a PDF file or here.

  96. R. Sarker and X. Yao, ``Simulated Annealing for Solving a Manufacturing Batch-Sizing Problem,'' International Journal of Operations and Quantitative Management, 9(1):65-80, March 2003.

  97. R. Sarker and X. Yao, ``Simulated Annealing and Joint Manufacturing Batch-Sizing,'' Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research: An International Journal, 13(3):245-260, 2003.
    Available here as a PDF file.

  98. J. X. Yu, X. Yao, C.-H. Choi, and G. Gou, ``Materialized view selection as constrained evolutionary optimization,'' IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C, 33(4):458-467, November 2003.
    Available from IEEE Xplore as a PDF file or here.

  99. Md. Monirul Islam, X. Yao and K. Murase, ``A constructive algorithm for training cooperative neural network ensembles,'' IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 14(4):820-834, July 2003.
    Available from IEEE Xplore as a PDF file or here.

  100. J. He and X. Yao, ``Towards an analytic framework for analysing the computation time of evolutionary algorithms,'' Artificial Intelligence, 145(1-2):59-97, April 2003.
    Available from Elsevier's web site as a PDF file or from here.

  101. J. He and X. Yao, ``Erratum to: Drift analysis and average time complexity of evolutionary algorithms: : [Artificial Intelligence 127 (2001) 57-85],'' Artificial Intelligence, 140(1):245-248, September 2002.
    Available as a PDF file.

  102. J. He and X. Yao, ``From an Individual to a Population: An Analysis of the First Hitting Time of Population-Based Evolutionary Algorithms,'' IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 6(5):495-511, October 2002.
    Available from IEEE Xplore as a PDF file or from here.
    (According to Essential Science Indicators$^{SM}$, the number of citations this paper received places it in the top 1% within its field.)

  103. J. Lin, B. H. Cheong and X. Yao, ``Universal multi-objective function for optimising superplastic-damage constitutive equations,'' Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 125-126:199-205, September 2002.
    Available from Elsevier's web site as a PDF file or from here.

  104. P. Darwen and X. Yao, ``Co-Evolution in Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma with Intermediate Levels of Cooperation: Application to Missile Defense,'' International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, 2(1):83-107, 2002.
    Available from World Scientific's web site as a PDF file or from here.

  105. B. Li, J. Lin and X. Yao, ``A Novel Evolutionary Algorithm for Determining Unified Creep Damage Constitutive Equations,'' International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 44(5):987-1002, 2002.
    Available from Elsevier's web site as a PDF file.

  106. K.-H. Liang, X. Yao, C. S. Newton and D. Hoffman, ``A New Evolutionary Approach to Cutting Stock Problems With and Without Contiguity,'' Computers and Operations Research, 29(12):1641-1659, Oct. 2002.
    Available from Elsevier's web site as a PDF file.

  107. C. Zhang, X. Yao and J. Yang, ``An Evolutionary Approach to Materialized Views Selection in a Data Warehouse Environment,'' IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C, 31(3):282-294, August 2001.
    Available from IEEE Xplore as a PDF file or here.

  108. K. H. Liang, X. Yao and C. S. Newton, ``Adapting self-adaptive parameters in evolutionary algorithms,'' Applied Intelligence, 15(3):171-180, November/December 2001.
    Available from Kluwer's web site as a PDF file or here.

  109. X. Yao and R. I. McKay, ``Simulated evolution and learning: An introduction,'' Applied Intelligence, 15(3):151-152, November/December 2001.
    Available from Kluwer's web site as a PDF file or here.

  110. J. He and X. Yao, ``Drift Analysis and Average Time Complexity of Evolutionary Algorithms,'' Artificial Intelligence, 127(1):57-85, March 2001.
    Available from Elsevier website as a PDF file or here.

  111. Y. Liu, X. Yao and T. Higuchi, ``Evolutionary Ensembles with Negative Correlation Learning,'' IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 4(4):380-387, November 2000.
    Available as from IEEE Xplore as a PDF file.

  112. T. P. Runarsson and X. Yao, ``Stochastic Ranking for Constrained Evolutionary Optimization,'' IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 4(3):284-294, September 2000.
    Available from IEEE Xplore as a PDF file or here.
    The software in Matlab code is available.

  113. J. He, J. Xu and X. Yao, ``Solving equations by hybrid evolutionary computation techniques,'' IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 4(3):295-304, September 2000.
    Available from IEEE Xplore as a PDF file or here.

  114. Y.-G. Seo, S.-B. Cho and X. Yao, "The Impact of Payoff Function and Local Interaction on the N-player Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma," Knowledge and Information Systems: An International Journal. 2(4):461-478, November 2000.
    Abstract available from Springer site. Paper available as a PDF file.

  115. K.-H. Liang, X. Yao and C. Newton, ``Evolutionary search of approximated N-dimensional landscapes,'' International Journal of Knowledge-Based Intelligent Engineering Systems, 4(3):172-183, July 2000.
    Available as a PDF file.

  116. P. J. Darwen and X. Yao, ``Does extra genetic diversity maintain escalation in a co-evolutionary arms race,'' International Journal of Knowledge-Based Intelligent Engineering Systems, 4(3):191-200, July 2000.
    Available as a PDF file.

  117. H. He, S. Hawkins, W. Graco, and X. Yao, ``Application of Genetic Algorithm and K-Nearest Neighbour Method in Real World Medical Fraud Detection Problem,'' Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence, 4(2):130-137, 2000.

  118. Y. Liu and X. Yao, ``Ensemble learning via negative correlation,'' Neural Networks, 12(10):1399-1404, December 1999.
    Available from Elsevier's journal site as a PDF file.

  119. X. Yao, Y. Liu and G. Lin, ``Evolutionary programming made faster,'' IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 3(2):82-102, July 1999.
    Available from IEEE Xplore as a PDF file or here.

  120. Y. Liu and X. Yao, ``Simultaneous training of negatively correlated neural networks in an ensemble,'' IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics, 29(6):716-725, December 1999.
    Available from IEEE Xplore as a PDF file or here.

  121. X. Yao, ``Following the path of evolvable hardware,'' Communications of the ACM, 42(4):47-49, April 1999.
    Available as a gzipped ps file.

  122. X. Yao, ``Evolving artificial neural networks,'' Proceedings of the IEEE, 87(9):1423-1447, September 1999. (Won the 2001 IEEE Donald G. Fink Prize Paper Award)
    Available from IEEE Xplore as a PDF file or here.

  123. M. Murakawa, S. Yoshizawa, I. Kajitani, X. Yao, N. Kajihara, M. Iwata and T. Higuchi, ``The GRD chip: genetic reconfiguration of DSPs for neural network processing,'' IEEE Transactions on Computers, 48(6):628-639, June 1999.
    Available from IEEE Xplore as a PDF file or here.

  124. X. Yao and T. Higuchi, ``Promises and Challenges of Evolvable Hardware,'' IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C, 29(1):87-97, February 1999.
    Available from IEEE Xplore as a PDF file or here.

  125. X. H. Yu, W. X. Zheng, B. L. Wu and X. Yao, ``A novel penalty function approach to constrained optimization problems with genetic algorithms,'' Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence, 2(6):208-213, 1998.

  126. X. Yao and Y. Liu, ``Making use of population information in evolutionary artificial neural networks,'' IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics, 28(3):417-425, June 1998.
    Available from IEEE Xplore as a PDF file or here.

  127. X. Yao, ``Maximum Matching on Boltzmann Machines,'' Neural Processing Letters, 7(1):49-53, 1998.
    Available from Kluwer's journal site as a PDF file.

  128. X. Yao and Y. Liu, ``Towards designing artificial neural networks by evolution,'' Applied Mathematics and Computation, 91(1):83-90, April 1998.
    Available from Elsevier's journal site as a PDF file.

  129. Y. Liu and X. Yao, ``Negatively correlated neural networks can produce best ensembles,'' Australian Journal of Intelligent Information Processing Systems, 4(3/4):176-185, 1997.

  130. J. Leeming and X. Yao, ``Terrain traversal by genetic algorithms,'' Australian Journal of Intelligent Information Processing Systems, 4(3/4):258-266, 1997.

  131. X. Yao and Y. Liu, ``A new evolutionary system for evolving artificial neural networks,'' IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 8(3):694-713, May 1997.
    Available from IEEE Xplore as a PDF file or here.

  132. P. J. Darwen and X. Yao, ``Speciation as automatic categorical modularization,'' IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 1(2):101-108, 1997.
    Available as a gzipped ps file or from IEEE Xplore as a PDF file.

  133. X. Yao and Y. Liu, ``Fast evolution strategies,'' Control and Cybernetics. 26(3):467-496, 1997.
    Available as a gzipped ps file.

  134. Y. Liu and X. Yao (1996), ``A population-based learning algorithm which learns both architectures and weights of neural networks,'' Chinese Journal of Advanced Software Research (Allerton Press, Inc., New York, NY 10011), 3(1):54-65, 1996.
    Available as a gzipped ps file.

  135. X. Yao (1996b), ``An overview of evolutionary computation,'' Chinese Journal of Advanced Software Research (Allerton Press, Inc., New York, NY 10011), 3(1):12-29, 1996.
    Available as a gzipped ps file.

  136. X. Yao, Y. Liu and P. Darwen, ``How to make best use of evolutionary learning,'' Complexity International: An Electronic Journal of Complex Systems Research (ISSN 1320-0682), Vol. 3, July 1996.
    Also appeared in paper form in Complex Systems --- From Local Interactions to Global Phenomena, IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp.229--242, 1996.
    Available as a gzipped ps file.

  137. F. Luan and X. Yao, ``Solving real-world lecture room assignment problems by genetic algorithms,'' Complexity International: An Electronic Journal of Complex Systems Research (ISSN 1320-0682), Vol. 3, July 1996.
    Also appeared in paper form in Complex Systems --- From Local Interactions to Global Phenomena, IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp.148--160, 1996.

  138. X. Yao, ``Evolutionary stability in the N-person iterated prisoner's dilemma,'' BioSystems, 37(3):189-197, 1996.
    Available from Elsevier's journal site as a PDF file or here.

  139. X. Yao, ``A new simulated annealing algorithm,'' International Journal of Computer Mathematics, 56:161--168, 1995.
    Available as a compressed ps file.

  140. X. Yao, ``Call routing by simulated annealing,'' International Journal of Electronics, 79(4):379-387, 1995.
    Available as a compressed ps file.

  141. X. Yao, ``A note on neural sorting networks with O(1) time complexity,'' Information Processing Letters, 56(5):253-254, December 1995.
    Available from Elsevier's journal site as a PDF file.

  142. X. Yao and P. Darwen (1994), ``An experimental study of N-person iterated prisoner's dilemma games,'' Informatica, 18(4):435--450.
    Available as a compressed ps file or a PDF file.

  143. X. Yao (1993a), ``A review of evolutionary artificial neural networks,'' International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 8(4):539--567.
    Available as a compressed ps file.

  144. X. Yao (1993b), ``An empirical study of genetic operators in genetic algorithms,'' Microprocessing and Microprogramming, 38(1-5):707--714.
    Available as a gzipped file or a PDF fiel.

  145. X. Yao (1993c), ``Evolutionary artificial neural networks,'' International Journal of Neural Systems, 4(3):203--222.
    Available as a compressed ps file.

  146. X. Yao, ``Finding approximate solutions to NP-hard problems by neural networks is hard,'' Information Processing Letters, 41(2):93-98, February 1992.
    Abstract Available from Elsevier's journal site, Full paper available as a compressed ps file.

  147. X. Yao (1991a), ``Simulated annealing with extended neighbourhood,'' International Journal of Computer Mathematics, 40:169-189.
    Available as a compressed ps file.

  148. X. Yao and G.-J. Li (1991), ``General simulated annealing,'' Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 6:329-338.

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